Coking retort oven heating wall of brickwork



20, 1938. J. DANIELS' Filed Jan. 23, 1936 Patentedpedzo, I c Q A UNlTE'D STATES ATENT on-"lca i 'nE'ron'r 22: 2am; Want. or A.

meme assignments, ,to Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa... a corporation of Delaware Application January 23, 19st, Serial No. toast In Germany January 24, 1935 4 Claims. (01. 202-223) The invention relates to chamber ovens or rethe oven has to be completely shut down. But tort ovens for the production 01 gas and coke, and also the variations in temperature resulting from in particular to those ovens, in which the walls a considerable shortening or lengthening of the of the coking retorts or chambers are provided coking time may sometimes cause heavy damages 5 with heating flues consisting of brickworklaid in to the oven-brickwork.

a bond of single refractory bricks. Itthe temperature of a highly heated coke The main .object of my present invention is to oven is reduced, the refractory brickwork will improve the brick work of the walls oi said chamcontract. The contraction has an efleot upon all her ovens or retorts in such a way, that even at parts of the brickwork. Since, however, the chami high temperatures the brickwork forms a solid ber walls of the constructionshitherto in use have 10 1 and practically gas-tight structure, so that any not an appreciable tensile strength, the chamber formation of cracks in the chamber walls is rendwalls do not contract as a whole, but the bricks Bred p ex will essentially tend to maintain their position. It is a well-known fact, that the common re- They are, however, loosened against one another fractory material for the chamber walls will exaccording to the shrinkage, to which the individ- 15 pand to quite -a considerable extent if the coke ual brick is subjected, whereby the whole chamber ovens are heated from normal temperature to the wall will be further loosened. The joints between operating temperature. In order to prevent any the bricks which have practically been made gaswarping of the brickwork, due to the heat extight by the mortar 'will become open. The gaspension of the refractory bricks, it is ausual practightness of the chamber wall has more or less 20 tice to loosen gradually d ring the heating-up oi suffered with the result that the distillation gas a coke oven, the anchora e which holds together can escape into the heating lines of the chamber the brickwork, corresponding to the-expansion of walls. the brickwork in the various directions of the One might assume, that the cracks which have. coke oven battery. It the coke oven'is heated-up been formed in the brickwork by the cooling down 26 carefully and should the anchorage in question be orthe bricks will be closed up again it the oven is properly and suitably loosened, it is actually posheated up anew. This is, however, not the case. sible to. obtain the necessary operating tempera- It will be observed, that it is easily possible for ture in the coke oven, without the formation 01- solid matters to enter the joints and cracks which 80 cracks in the brick-work of-the walls of the coking have been formed in the brickwork of thewalls 30 chambers through which the valuable distilling of the chambers, for example particles of mortar, gases might escape into the heating flues oi the or parts of the oven charge.

chamber walls. I These'solid bodies cannot be removed from the s Even with chamber walls which have been free, joints of the brickwork and they hinder the com- 85 of cracks notwithstanding the heating-up of the plete closing up of the cracks and joints if the coke oven, the chamber walls of those coke ovens bri kwork is expanding to the normal degree 9111!- which have been in use for some time, in most mg the r -heating oi the oven.

cases later have shown those cracks. This results h W id a 01 the r sent. invention provides in a fuming of the chimney connected with the such g'design of th -bri kwork or the walls of the 40 coke ovens. 11' for instance a distilling gas with a retort; 0r chamber coke ovens which is b t 40 high content oi hydrocarbons is entering through ream eater si stresses th t b i in the chamber walls into the heating flues, the com-' total or at Individual points its strength bustion in the heating flues will'become incomm p rm 01p 1 men. my invention 18 meter; plete, due to the excess of gas for the combustion ably carried enact m such a way, that m amount of smoke thus escap' wall bricks of the retort or chamber coke ovens wag;- The observation that the chamber walls 0! a provided at their upper and lower sides coke oven alter a certain operating period have tongues and grooves when laying the backs become lea, can be made very Often especially a bond, the tongue and groove of the bric mus in thosecases in which the temperature of the v brickwork of the coke oven has varied in larger layers, situated and below and ranges'than usual with normaloperation, Those eral bricks of one layer are always kept together, variations in temperature may happen for inby one br k 01 the br ckwork layer lying ab stance ii the oven temperature has to be reduced Still further objects oi my present invention.

u for carrying out repairs to thebrickwork or it may be taken from the following description of a project into the tongue and groove oi the brick preferred embodiment illustrated in the accom- Fig.'1 by lines I.

Danying drawing. v t i The construction of my invention as shown on the drawing shows its application for the bricki work designed according to the British Patent 295,906, for the .walls of the coking chamber of a horizontal chamber'oven for the production of gas and coke. Such brickwork is especially suitable for the present invention, because all the bricks as far as they form a part of the chamber wall have substantially the same length.

Figure 1 shows a brick for the wall of a coking chamber according to my invention.

Figure 2 is a view of a part of the chamber wall of a coking oven, fitted with vertical heating flues in the chamber walls, according to my present invention.

Figure 1 shows a hammer-head like brick as also illustrated in' Fig. 2,'which is provided for the connecting points between the so-called stretcher or liner walls and header or tying walls.

The brick has a lateral extension i whichin the finished wall forms together with the brick la. the header or tying walls. A continuous groove 3 has been provided on the upperpart 2 of the brick lying in the stretcher or liner wall, 1. e.'on the upper surface and one front or end surface of the brick. This groove is enlarged in the upper surface of the brick (as shown in Fig. 1, lower surface in Fig. 2) between the two opposite ends thereof; as shown at I.

At'the other front or opposite end surface of the stretcher or liner part 2 and at the lower or bottom surface (Fig. 1) of the brick there has been provided a continuous centrally disposed tongue 5, which lies in the direction of the groove 3. The tongue 5 has at the lower bottom surface (Fig 1) of the brick extensions 6 partway from the two opposite ends of the brick, which extensions have been thus designed so that every ex-.

tension 6 fills up not more-than one half of the hollow space of the groove enlargement l. The prismatic stretchers or liner lines of the brick have been designed in .a manner similar to each other, of which the If the bricks, as described in Fig. 1,-are now laid with staggered joints, there results the walls illustrated in Fig. 2. The bricks of the stretcher or liner walls have been marked with I! in Fig. 2.

As is shown in-this view, that the projections I of adjacent bricks serve as a supplement which in principle correspond exactly in shape to the mid impossible, as the projections are kept in the re cesses by the weight of the bricks situated above or by the oven roof respectively.

The drawing also shows that according to my invention the denticulati on of the brick bond in horizontal direction is obtained, without increasing the number of the brick shapes. If the manukept low,

facturing costs of the coke oven is to be this fact is of special importance.

' The gas-tightness of the brickwork wail according to my present invention is completedby making use of a mortar, which sinters sufliciently at the operating temperature of the oven, in ord r general shape is as shown'in- 9,141,035 w v to seal in a gas-t ht way si nna between'the bricks.

' Analogous tothe design of the stretchers, the

headers. or tying walls of the coke oven walls may be constructed of superimposed bricks according to my invention asdescribed aforesaid.

A brick bond wall carried out according toth'e invention offers a very great resistance to the formation of wall cracks which may be caused byunequal heat contraction or sometimes heat expansion (as. the case may be) of the brickwork. This is of special importance in view of the-large height of the heating walls of'mode'rn coke ovens. Y My present invention also reduces to a considerable extent the danger of the formation of wall cracks when lowering the oven temperature and is thus a valuable contribution tothe modern development in coking practice, which highly varying coking temperatures. I

I have described my present invention in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, but my invention is not limited in all its aspects to the mode of carrying out as described and shown. The invention may be variously embodied the scope of the following claims.

I claim:-

1. In a coking retort oven chamber heating wall comprising spaced liner walls and intermediate tying walls composed of individual bricks arranged in superimposed horizontal courses with staggered joints, the outside surfaces of the liner walls constituting the lining for contiguous coking chambers on opposite sides of the heating wall and the liner walls and tying walls together forming inner heating flues between eachtwo' adwithin 1 raises the problem of operating a coking oven at jacent tying walls and the appurtenant'portions the lower portion of the bricks in a next higher course and adapted by their mortise interconnection' to restrain longitudinal movement of the bricks they interconnect relative to each other lengthwise of the heating wall.

2. 'A-coking retort oven heating wall as'claimed inclaim 1, and in which the tongue and mortise joints comprise a mortise on one of the upper and lower mortised surfaces of the liner bricks and complemental spaced tongues at opposite ends on the other of the upper and lower mortised surfaces of the respective liner bricks, the mortise being centrally disposed relative to the tongues on the opposite mortised surface of the respective bricks and each brick comprising narrower grooves extending from the central mortise to the two opposite ends of the brick and a narrower tongue extending continuously between and con- .necting the tongues at opposite ends of the brick and c'omplemental to the two narrower gr was at the ends of'the mortise, with the staggered bricks in each layer or course of the wall singly in-" t'erlocking the ends'of severalend-to-end bricks in the next layer or course by having the two tongues on the adjacent ends of the singly interchili of adjacent I! interlocking bricks.

w v v 1 2,141,085 I I 3. A coking retort oven heating wall as claimed heating flue and the other or which is adapted to fin claim 1, and in whichthe tongue and mortise Joints comprises. mortise on one of the upper and lower mortisedsuriaces of the'liner bricks and complemental spaced tongues at opposite ends oi the other of the upper and lower mortised surfaces of the respective liner bricks, the mortise being centrally disposed relative to the tongues on the opposite mortised surface of the respective bricks, with the staggered bricks in each layer or course of the wall singly interlocking the ends or several end-to-end bricks in the next layer or course by having the two tongues on the adjacent ends of the singly interlocked ends or the bricks filling the mortise of the singly interlocking brick.

4. A coking retort oven heating wall liner brick comprising a prismatic body adapted to be 'mortised in superimposed horizontal courses to form a liner wall tor a coking chamber, said brickv body comprising opposite'side' surfaces one of which is adapted to form the lining of an inner form an outer lining surface for a coking chamber, and comprising opposite upper and lower mortar surfaces, and a centrally disposed mortise on oneoi the upper and lower mortar surfaces oi the body with narrower grooves at each end of the mortise and extending to the opposite ends of the body lineally of the lining surface of the brick tor the coking chamber, and complemental tenon means on the other of the upper and lower surfaces of the brick comprising a tongue extending from one end to the other of the surfacelineally oi the lining surface, said tongue comprising at its opposite ends enlargements each complemental to one half of theaioresaid, central mortise, said centrally disposed relative central mortise being to the complemental tongue enlargements and said tongue being of narrower projection between its enlargements and compler'nental to the narrower grooves at each end of the'mortise.

. JOSEPH DANIELS. 

